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Geography MCQ Class-12, Chapter-1, Human Geography Nature and Scope
NCERT Biology 11th MCQ, All Chapters
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of basic needs?
(a) Health, education, food, water, sanitation, housing.
(b) Transport, airports, ports, highways, pipelines, dams.
(c) Museums, theatres, stadiums, malls, hotels, parks.
(d) Banks, stock exchanges, fintech, crypto, insurance.
Explanation: The ILO’s list targets essential services that underpin human functioning and dignity, ensuring foundational conditions for development. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
2. Choose the best interpretation regarding meaningful life: what constitutes a meaningful life
(a) Only higher income and consumption.
(b) Health, capability development, participation, and freedom to pursue goals.
(c) Long life without purpose.
(d) Technological change alone.
Explanation: Human development centres on people’s ability to live purposeful lives, combining health, cultivated talents, social participation, and freedom to choose and achieve valued ends.
3. Choose the best interpretation regarding policy contrast low vs high: spending pattern contrast
(a) Both prioritise defence equally.
(b) Neither funds education.
(c) Low-HDI often spend more on defence; high-HDI invest in social sectors.
(d) High-HDI avoid governance entirely.
Explanation: Political instability pushes defence spending in low-HDI contexts, while high-HDI countries typically emphasise health and education, enhancing capabilities and equity. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
4. Select the most accurate implication of comparisons size vs HDI: relationship of size/income to HDI
(a) Always decisive.
(b) Irrelevant to analysis.
(c) Perfectly correlated.
(d) Not directly determinative; smaller or poorer can rank higher.
Explanation: Examples show smaller economies outranking larger neighbours, highlighting the primacy of social policy and governance. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
5. Select the most accurate implication of HDI weights: dimension weights
(a) One-third each.
(b) One-half health, remainder split.
(c) Education dominates at 70%.
(d) Weights vary yearly per country.
Explanation: Equal weights balance the triad of health, knowledge, and income, avoiding overemphasis on any single pillar. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
6. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of income approach?
(a) Income is unrelated to development.
(b) Higher income reflects higher freedom.
(c) Only culture matters.
(d) Income guarantees equality.
Explanation: The income approach treats income as a proxy for freedoms, yet broader perspectives stress non-income capabilities crucial to living the lives people have reason to value.
7. The basic needs approach originally proposed by the ILO identified:
(a) Only income transfers as sufficient.
(b) Defence and policing as basic needs.
(c) Health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing as core needs.
(d) Luxury consumption as development.
Explanation: The ILO’s basic needs framework focuses on providing essential services—health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing—to defined sections. It downplays the role of personal choices compared to the provision of necessities.
8. How many countries recorded low human development in the table?
(a) Forty-two.
(b) Sixty-nine.
(c) Forty-nine.
(d) Thirty-three.
Explanation: Low human development countries total 33 in the referenced classification, signalling persistent global pockets needing targeted, well-designed policies to address deprivations. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
9. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of capability approach?
(a) Build capabilities in health, education, and resources.
(b) Maximise exports only.
(c) Privatise all services.
(d) Cease public health programmes.
Explanation: Capabilities expand actual freedoms; improving health, education, and command over resources enables people to pursue valued lives, beyond income metrics alone. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
10. Negative growth in urban size can result from:
(a) Universal access to services.
(b) Natural disasters shrinking settlements.
(c) Steady improvement in life expectancy.
(d) Rising adult literacy everywhere.
Explanation: Cities can shrink in size after shocks like tsunamis, exemplifying negative growth. While development concerns qualitative advances, growth measures magnitude, which can fall due to disasters, conflict, or other disruptive events.
NCERT History MCQ, Class-10, All Chapters11. In policy terms, what does welfare approach primarily require?
(a) Citizens fully self-provide services.
(b) Markets alone deliver welfare.
(c) State increases social expenditure; people are beneficiaries.
(d) Welfare is replaced by defence.
Explanation: This approach emphasises public spending on health, education, and amenities, casting people as recipients while the government steers welfare provision. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
12. Lack of capability restricts choices because:
(a) People always choose optimally regardless of means.
(b) Capabilities grow automatically with GDP.
(c) Freedom is unaffected by institutions.
(d) Without education or resources, many valued options are unreachable.
Explanation: Capabilities in health, education, and resources condition freedom to choose. An uneducated child cannot choose to be a doctor; a poor patient may forgo treatment. Institutional inefficiency and discrimination further constrain options, limiting meaningful life chances.
13. Choose the best interpretation regarding HDI education: knowledge proxies used
(a) Adult literacy and gross enrolment.
(b) Years of schooling only.
(c) PISA scores alone.
(d) Textbook counts.
Explanation: Adult literacy captures stock; gross enrolment captures current participation, together indicating access to knowledge systems. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
14. Select the most accurate implication of productivity: human labour productivity
(a) Unrelated to capabilities.
(b) Improved via health and education.
(c) Only capital-deepening matters.
(d) Defined by military output.
Explanation: Investments that build people’s capabilities—knowledge and health—boost work efficiency and economic contribution, recognising people as the primary wealth of nations. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
15. According to the cited table, how many countries are in the ‘very high’ group?
(a) Thirty-three countries.
(b) Forty-nine countries.
(c) Sixty-nine countries.
(d) Forty-two countries.
Explanation: The text lists 69 countries with very high human development in 2023–24, indicating widespread attainment among nations meeting top-tier thresholds. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
16. Identify the correct statement about group traits high: traits of high-HDI countries
(a) Chronic instability and defence-first budgets.
(b) High inequality by intent.
(c) Minimal education access.
(d) Strong social sector spending and effective governance.
Explanation: Prioritising health and education, along with stable institutions, distinguishes many high-ranking countries. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
17. Identify the correct statement about policy contrast low vs high: spending pattern contrast
(a) Low-HDI often spend more on defence; high-HDI invest in social sectors.
(b) Both prioritise defence equally.
(c) Neither funds education.
(d) High-HDI avoid governance entirely.
Explanation: Political instability pushes defence spending in low-HDI contexts, while high-HDI countries typically emphasise health and education, enhancing capabilities and equity. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
18. Which countries are cited as ranking above India on HDI despite smaller economies?
(a) USA, China.
(b) Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago.
(c) Brazil, Russia.
(d) Nepal, Bhutan.
Explanation: The text notes that smaller economies like Sri Lanka and Trinidad and Tobago have higher human development ranks than India, illustrating that social sector investment and governance can outweigh sheer economic scale.
19. Identify the correct statement about HDI groups thresholds: thresholds summary
(a) Very high >0.900 only; medium <0 .400.="" p="">
(b) High 0.650–0.749; low <0 .500.="" p="">
(c) Very high >0.800; high 0.700–0.799; medium 0.550–0.699; low <0 .550.="" p="">
(d) Groups rotate yearly without thresholds.
Explanation: The reported bands structure cross-country comparison and tracking of progress across tiers. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
20. Choose the best interpretation regarding group traits low: patterns in low-HDI group
(a) Surplus social outlays and stability.
(b) Top ranks in freedom indices.
(c) Consistent surplus of healthcare workers.
(d) Civil conflict, famine, or disease burden common; urgent policy needs.
Explanation: Persistent crises divert resources and weaken institutions, deepening human development deficits that demand targeted interventions. It links evidence with practical implications for policy and personal capability.
21. Countries with low human development tend to:
(a) Spend more on defence than social sectors.
(b) Ensure equitable distribution first.
(c) Avoid political instability.
(d) Lead in freedom indices.
22. In assessing a city doubling its population without better services, the situation illustrates:
(a) Sustainable development because population increased.
(b) Growth without development due to unchanged quality of life.
(c) Development with negative growth.
(d) Equitable advancement across groups.
23. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of HDR publisher?
(a) UNESCO.
(b) World Bank.
(c) United Nations Development Programme.
(d) IMF.
24. Identify the correct statement about HPI definition: what HPI measures
(a) Industrial output gaps.
(b) Export market shares.
(c) Sovereign credit risk.
(d) Shortfalls in survival, knowledge, and basic living conditions.
25. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of comparisons size vs HDI?
(a) Not directly determinative; smaller or poorer can rank higher.
(b) Always decisive.
(c) Irrelevant to analysis.
(d) Perfectly correlated.
26. Choose the best interpretation regarding sustainability: intergenerational continuity of opportunities
(a) Using up all resources now.
(b) Conserving resources and educating girls for future choices.
(c) Short-termism in policy.
(d) Halting human capital investments.
27. In policy terms, what does equity primarily require?
(a) Only for the most affluent groups.
(b) Dependent solely on merit exams.
(c) Irrespective of gender, caste, race, or income.
(d) Conditional on military service.
28. A meaningful life, as framed in human development, primarily requires:
(a) Long life alone regardless of purpose.
(b) Only high income and consumption.
(c) Exclusive focus on technological progress.
(d) Health, developing talents, social participation, and freedom to pursue goals.
29. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of equity?
(a) Irrespective of gender, caste, race, or income.
(b) Only for the most affluent groups.
(c) Dependent solely on merit exams.
(d) Conditional on military service.
30. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of group traits medium?
(a) Uniformly low diversity and high stability.
(b) Many emerged post-WWII or after 1990 transitions; improving via inclusive policies.
(c) Primarily former imperial powers.
(d) Economies dominated by defence industries.
31. In policy terms, what does group traits high primarily require?
(a) Chronic instability and defence-first budgets.
(b) High inequality by intent.
(c) Strong social sector spending and effective governance.
(d) Minimal education access.
32. Select the most accurate implication of group traits high: traits of high-HDI countries
(a) Chronic instability and defence-first budgets.
(b) High inequality by intent.
(c) Minimal education access.
(d) Strong social sector spending and effective governance.
33. In policy terms, what does growth vs development primarily require?
(a) Represents growth without genuine development.
(b) Guarantees sustained well-being.
(c) Ensures equitable outcomes.
(d) Counts as sustainability.
34. Choose the best interpretation regarding comparisons size vs HDI: relationship of size/income to HDI
(a) Always decisive.
(b) Not directly determinative; smaller or poorer can rank higher.
(c) Irrelevant to analysis.
(d) Perfectly correlated.
35. Select the most accurate implication of HDI health: selected health indicator
(a) Doctors per thousand.
(b) ICU beds only.
(c) Life expectancy at birth.
(d) Vaccination rate alone.
36. In policy terms, what does group traits low primarily require?
(a) Surplus social outlays and stability.
(b) Top ranks in freedom indices.
(c) Consistent surplus of healthcare workers.
(d) Civil conflict, famine, or disease burden common; urgent policy needs.
37. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of sustainability?
(a) Conserving resources and educating girls for future choices.
(b) Using up all resources now.
(c) Short-termism in policy.
(d) Halting human capital investments.
38. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of empowerment?
(a) Reduced by participation.
(b) Expanded through freedoms, capabilities, and good governance.
(c) Best served by secrecy and centralisation.
(d) Irrelevant for disadvantaged groups.
39. Countries with high HDI often share:
(a) Exclusive focus on defence budgets.
(b) Low literacy by design.
(c) Significant social sector investment and good governance.
(d) Minimal health infrastructure.
40. Identify the correct statement about sustainability: intergenerational continuity of opportunities
(a) Using up all resources now.
(b) Short-termism in policy.
(c) Halting human capital investments.
(d) Conserving resources and educating girls for future choices.
41. Which statement best separates growth from development?
(a) Growth is quantitative; development is qualitative and value positive.
(b) Growth and development are identical increases in output.
(c) Development can be negative while growth is always positive.
(d) Both always rise together across all sectors.
42. Select the most accurate implication of growth vs development: quantitative change can be negative; qualitative improvement is value positive
(a) Development allows value-neutral deterioration.
(b) Growth may be negative; development denotes value-positive quality gain.
(c) Growth and development always coincide.
(d) Quality never matters in development.
43. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of growth vs development?
(a) Guarantees sustained well-being.
(b) Ensures equitable outcomes.
(c) Represents growth without genuine development.
(d) Counts as sustainability.
44. Choose the best interpretation regarding HPI definition: what HPI measures
(a) Industrial output gaps.
(b) Export market shares.
(c) Sovereign credit risk.
(d) Shortfalls in survival, knowledge, and basic living conditions.
45. Identify the correct statement about HDR publisher: institution issuing HDR
(a) United Nations Development Programme.
(b) UNESCO.
(c) World Bank.
(d) IMF.
46. Choose the best interpretation regarding top ten list: countries in top ten
(a) Includes India, China, Brazil by default.
(b) Includes Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Hong Kong (China SAR), Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, Singapore, Australia/Netherlands.
(c) All G7 only.
(d) Only European Union members.
47. In policy terms, what does HDI health primarily require?
(a) Doctors per thousand.
(b) ICU beds only.
(c) Life expectancy at birth.
(d) Vaccination rate alone.
48. Choose the best interpretation regarding Sen’s freedom: development objective
(a) Only faster capital accumulation.
(b) Isolation from global trade.
(c) Uniform culture.
(d) Increasing freedom and reducing unfreedom.
49. Identify the correct statement about top ten list: countries in top ten
(a) Includes Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Hong Kong (China SAR), Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, Singapore, Australia/Netherlands.
(b) Includes India, China, Brazil by default.
(c) All G7 only.
(d) Only European Union members.
50. Choose the best interpretation regarding capability approach: central prescription
(a) Maximise exports only.
(b) Build capabilities in health, education, and resources.
(c) Privatise all services.
(d) Cease public health programmes.
NCERT Biology MCQ, Class-12, All Chapters51. Select the most accurate implication of group traits medium: traits of medium-HDI countries
(a) Uniformly low diversity and high stability.
(b) Primarily former imperial powers.
(c) Many emerged post-WWII or after 1990 transitions; improving via inclusive policies.
(d) Economies dominated by defence industries.
52. Choose the best interpretation regarding HDI groups thresholds: thresholds summary
(a) Very high >0.900 only; medium <0 .400.="" p="">
(b) High 0.650–0.749; low <0 .500.="" p="">
(c) Groups rotate yearly without thresholds.
(d) Very high >0.800; high 0.700–0.799; medium 0.550–0.699; low <0 .550.="" p="">
53. Choose the best interpretation regarding HDI health: selected health indicator
(a) Life expectancy at birth.
(b) Doctors per thousand.
(c) ICU beds only.
(d) Vaccination rate alone.
54. Choose the best interpretation regarding HDR publisher: institution issuing HDR
(a) UNESCO.
(b) United Nations Development Programme.
(c) World Bank.
(d) IMF.
55. Choose the best interpretation regarding welfare approach: role of the state in welfare approach
(a) Citizens fully self-provide services.
(b) Markets alone deliver welfare.
(c) State increases social expenditure; people are beneficiaries.
(d) Welfare is replaced by defence.
56. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of HDI health?
(a) Doctors per thousand.
(b) ICU beds only.
(c) Vaccination rate alone.
(d) Life expectancy at birth.
57. In policy terms, what does Bhutan GNH primarily require?
(a) Gross National Happiness balances material and non-material wellbeing.
(b) Military readiness index.
(c) Only GDP growth rate.
(d) Urbanisation ratio.
58. Select the most accurate implication of welfare approach: role of the state in welfare approach
(a) Citizens fully self-provide services.
(b) State increases social expenditure; people are beneficiaries.
(c) Markets alone deliver welfare.
(d) Welfare is replaced by defence.
59. Select the most accurate implication of HDI groups thresholds: thresholds summary
(a) Very high >0.900 only; medium <0 .400.="" p="">
(b) High 0.650–0.749; low <0 .500.="" p="">
(c) Very high >0.800; high 0.700–0.799; medium 0.550–0.699; low <0 .550.="" p="">
(d) Groups rotate yearly without thresholds.
60. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of group traits high?
(a) Chronic instability and defence-first budgets.
(b) High inequality by intent.
(c) Minimal education access.
(d) Strong social sector spending and effective governance.
61. How many countries fall in the ‘medium’ human development group?
(a) Forty-two.
(b) Sixty-nine.
(c) Forty-nine.
(d) Thirty-three.
62. Who introduced the concept of human development emphasising enlarged choices?
(a) Ellen C. Semple.
(b) Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq.
(c) Ratzel.
(d) David Ricardo.
63. Size of territory and per capita income are:
(a) Perfect predictors of HDI.
(b) Always decisive over social policy.
(c) Not directly tied to human development rank.
(d) Irrelevant to analysis.
64. Choose the best interpretation regarding productivity: human labour productivity
(a) Unrelated to capabilities.
(b) Only capital-deepening matters.
(c) Defined by military output.
(d) Improved via health and education.
65. Empowerment within human development primarily involves:
(a) Expanding freedom and capability through good governance and policies.
(b) Centralising authority and limiting civil society.
(c) Relying exclusively on market forces.
(d) Substituting rights with subsidies alone.
66. Identify the correct statement about income approach: link between income and freedom
(a) Income is unrelated to development.
(b) Higher income reflects higher freedom.
(c) Only culture matters.
(d) Income guarantees equality.
67. In policy terms, what does HDI limitation primarily require?
(a) It excludes any education indicator.
(b) It omits health entirely.
(c) Averages hide internal distribution.
(d) It is not comparable across countries.
68. In policy terms, what does growth vs development primarily require?
(a) Development allows value-neutral deterioration.
(b) Growth and development always coincide.
(c) Quality never matters in development.
(d) Growth may be negative; development denotes value-positive quality gain.
69. Select the most accurate implication of top ten list: countries in top ten
(a) Includes Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Hong Kong (China SAR), Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, Singapore, Australia/Netherlands.
(b) Includes India, China, Brazil by default.
(c) All G7 only.
(d) Only European Union members.
70. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of counts per group?
(a) 60 very high; 40 high; 50 medium; 30 low.
(b) 69 very high; 49 high; 42 medium; 33 low.
(c) 70 very high; 35 high; 45 medium; 25 low.
(d) 65 very high; 55 high; 35 medium; 25 low.
71. In policy terms, what does empowerment primarily require?
(a) Reduced by participation.
(b) Best served by secrecy and centralisation.
(c) Expanded through freedoms, capabilities, and good governance.
(d) Irrelevant for disadvantaged groups.
72. Bhutan’s official progress metric uniquely prioritises:
(a) Only GDP growth.
(b) Defence spending share.
(c) Industrial output index.
(d) Gross National Happiness (GNH).
73. In policy terms, what does income approach primarily require?
(a) Higher income reflects higher freedom.
(b) Income is unrelated to development.
(c) Only culture matters.
(d) Income guarantees equality.
74. Identify the correct statement about HDI income: resource access measure
(a) Gold per capita.
(b) Purchasing power in U.S. dollars.
(c) Export earnings.
(d) Land per capita.
75. In policy terms, what does group traits medium primarily require?
(a) Uniformly low diversity and high stability.
(b) Primarily former imperial powers.
(c) Many emerged post-WWII or after 1990 transitions; improving via inclusive policies.
(d) Economies dominated by defence industries.
76. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of HDI income?
(a) Gold per capita.
(b) Export earnings.
(c) Land per capita.
(d) Purchasing power in U.S. dollars.
77. Identify the correct statement about growth vs development: city expansion without better services
(a) Represents growth without genuine development.
(b) Guarantees sustained well-being.
(c) Ensures equitable outcomes.
(d) Counts as sustainability.
78. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of capabilities and choices?
(a) Choices remain unaffected.
(b) They restrict access to valued life options.
(c) Institutions play no role.
(d) Income alone guarantees freedom.
79. Which feature is inherent to development but not to growth?
(a) Possibility of negative sign in change.
(b) Merely larger size regardless of quality.
(c) Value-positive qualitative change in conditions.
(d) Absence of any value judgement.
80. Identify the correct statement about capability approach: central prescription
(a) Maximise exports only.
(b) Privatise all services.
(c) Cease public health programmes.
(d) Build capabilities in health, education, and resources.
81. Choose the best interpretation regarding growth vs development: city expansion without better services
(a) Represents growth without genuine development.
(b) Guarantees sustained well-being.
(c) Ensures equitable outcomes.
(d) Counts as sustainability.
82. Choose the best interpretation regarding HDI weights: dimension weights
(a) One-half health, remainder split.
(b) One-third each.
(c) Education dominates at 70%.
(d) Weights vary yearly per country.
83. In policy terms, what does HDI weights primarily require?
(a) One-half health, remainder split.
(b) Education dominates at 70%.
(c) One-third each.
(d) Weights vary yearly per country.
84. Identify the correct statement about HDI health: selected health indicator
(a) Doctors per thousand.
(b) ICU beds only.
(c) Vaccination rate alone.
(d) Life expectancy at birth.
85. In policy terms, what does policy contrast low vs high primarily require?
(a) Low-HDI often spend more on defence; high-HDI invest in social sectors.
(b) Both prioritise defence equally.
(c) Neither funds education.
(d) High-HDI avoid governance entirely.
86. Low HDI countries commonly experience:
(a) Unbroken stability with large social budgets.
(b) Political turmoil, civil war, famine, or high disease incidence.
(c) Excess teacher training and hospitals.
(d) Universal prosperity already achieved.
87. Equity within human development emphasises:
(a) Equal outcomes irrespective of effort.
(b) Prioritising defence over social sectors.
(c) Equal access to opportunities regardless of gender, race, income, or caste.
(d) Restricting education to merit alone.
88. Select the most accurate implication of HDI limitation: key limitation
(a) It excludes any education indicator.
(b) It omits health entirely.
(c) It is not comparable across countries.
(d) Averages hide internal distribution.
89. Select the most accurate implication of state comparisons India: Kerala comparison
(a) Kerala outperforms richer Punjab and Gujarat on HDI-type indicators.
(b) Kerala trails both due to lower income.
(c) Punjab universally leads.
(d) Gujarat tops on all social indicators.
90. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of welfare approach?
(a) Citizens fully self-provide services.
(b) State increases social expenditure; people are beneficiaries.
(c) Markets alone deliver welfare.
(d) Welfare is replaced by defence.
91. Choose the best interpretation regarding capabilities and choices: constraints from lacking education or resources
(a) Choices remain unaffected.
(b) Institutions play no role.
(c) They restrict access to valued life options.
(d) Income alone guarantees freedom.
92. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of state comparisons India?
(a) Kerala trails both due to lower income.
(b) Punjab universally leads.
(c) Gujarat tops on all social indicators.
(d) Kerala outperforms richer Punjab and Gujarat on HDI-type indicators.
93. Choose the best interpretation regarding counts per group: numbers per tier
(a) 69 very high; 49 high; 42 medium; 33 low.
(b) 60 very high; 40 high; 50 medium; 30 low.
(c) 70 very high; 35 high; 45 medium; 25 low.
(d) 65 very high; 55 high; 35 medium; 25 low.
94. Sustainability in this context means:
(a) Accelerated extraction of natural resources today.
(b) Continuity of opportunities across generations by prudent resource use.
(c) Short-term growth targets only.
(d) Reducing girls’ schooling to save costs.
95. Identify the correct statement about capabilities and choices: constraints from lacking education or resources
(a) Choices remain unaffected.
(b) Institutions play no role.
(c) They restrict access to valued life options.
(d) Income alone guarantees freedom.
96. Identify the correct statement about state comparisons India: Kerala comparison
(a) Kerala trails both due to lower income.
(b) Punjab universally leads.
(c) Gujarat tops on all social indicators.
(d) Kerala outperforms richer Punjab and Gujarat on HDI-type indicators.
97. Choose the best interpretation regarding HDI limitation: key limitation
(a) Averages hide internal distribution.
(b) It excludes any education indicator.
(c) It omits health entirely.
(d) It is not comparable across countries.
98. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of Mahbub-ul-Haq?
(a) Founded ILO’s basic needs.
(b) Introduced human development, emphasising enlarged choices; led HDI.
(c) Proposed GDP accounting.
(d) Created purchasing power parity.
99. Identify the correct statement about growth vs development: quantitative change can be negative; qualitative improvement is value positive
(a) Development allows value-neutral deterioration.
(b) Growth and development always coincide.
(c) Growth may be negative; development denotes value-positive quality gain.
(d) Quality never matters in development.
100. Identify the correct statement about welfare approach: role of the state in welfare approach
(a) Citizens fully self-provide services.
(b) Markets alone deliver welfare.
(c) Welfare is replaced by defence.
(d) State increases social expenditure; people are beneficiaries.
NCERT Geography MCQ, Class-11, All Chapters101. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of HDI limitation?
(a) Averages hide internal distribution.
(b) It excludes any education indicator.
(c) It omits health entirely.
(d) It is not comparable across countries.
102. Blaming low HDI on culture or religion is misleading because:
(a) Culture alone fixes HDI.
(b) Policy choices on social spending, freedom, and distribution are decisive.
(c) Religious adherence determines literacy.
(d) Ethnicity directly sets life expectancy.
103. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of HDI groups thresholds?
(a) Very high >0.900 only; medium <0 .400.="" p="">
(b) High 0.650–0.749; low <0 .500.="" p="">
(c) Very high >0.800; high 0.700–0.799; medium 0.550–0.699; low <0 .550.="" p="">
(d) Groups rotate yearly without thresholds.
104. Identify the correct statement about productivity: human labour productivity
(a) Unrelated to capabilities.
(b) Only capital-deepening matters.
(c) Defined by military output.
(d) Improved via health and education.
105. In policy terms, what does sustainability primarily require?
(a) Conserving resources and educating girls for future choices.
(b) Using up all resources now.
(c) Short-termism in policy.
(d) Halting human capital investments.
106. Select the most accurate implication of capability approach: central prescription
(a) Maximise exports only.
(b) Build capabilities in health, education, and resources.
(c) Privatise all services.
(d) Cease public health programmes.
107. Identify the correct statement about HDI weights: dimension weights
(a) One-half health, remainder split.
(b) Education dominates at 70%.
(c) One-third each.
(d) Weights vary yearly per country.
108. Choose the best interpretation regarding income approach: link between income and freedom
(a) Income is unrelated to development.
(b) Only culture matters.
(c) Income guarantees equality.
(d) Higher income reflects higher freedom.
109. Which trio forms core aspects of human development outcomes?
(a) Long and healthy life, knowledge, and decent standard of living.
(b) Military strength, resource extraction, and exports.
(c) Religious conformity, tradition, and hierarchy.
(d) Urbanisation rate, fertility rate, and rainfall.
110. Choose the best interpretation regarding HDI income: resource access measure
(a) Gold per capita.
(b) Purchasing power in U.S. dollars.
(c) Export earnings.
(d) Land per capita.
111. Choose the best interpretation regarding group traits medium: traits of medium-HDI countries
(a) Uniformly low diversity and high stability.
(b) Primarily former imperial powers.
(c) Many emerged post-WWII or after 1990 transitions; improving via inclusive policies.
(d) Economies dominated by defence industries.
112. A country scoring 0.983 on HDI is considered:
(a) Low in human development.
(b) Medium in human development.
(c) Unranked by definition.
(d) Very high in human development.
113. Identify the correct statement about HDI limitation: key limitation
(a) Averages hide internal distribution.
(b) It excludes any education indicator.
(c) It omits health entirely.
(d) It is not comparable across countries.
114. In policy terms, what does basic needs primarily require?
(a) Transport, airports, ports, highways, pipelines, dams.
(b) Health, education, food, water, sanitation, housing.
(c) Museums, theatres, stadiums, malls, hotels, parks.
(d) Banks, stock exchanges, fintech, crypto, insurance.
115. The Human Poverty Index (HPI) is primarily a:
(a) Duplicate of GDP growth.
(b) Military readiness index.
(c) Non-income measure of shortfalls in human development.
(d) Measure of trade openness.
116. Identify the correct statement about meaningful life: what constitutes a meaningful life
(a) Only higher income and consumption.
(b) Long life without purpose.
(c) Technological change alone.
(d) Health, capability development, participation, and freedom to pursue goals.
117. Choose the best interpretation regarding equity: equal access to opportunities
(a) Irrespective of gender, caste, race, or income.
(b) Only for the most affluent groups.
(c) Dependent solely on merit exams.
(d) Conditional on military service.
118. In policy terms, what does top ten list primarily require?
(a) Includes India, China, Brazil by default.
(b) Includes Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Hong Kong (China SAR), Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, Singapore, Australia/Netherlands.
(c) All G7 only.
(d) Only European Union members.
119. Identify the correct statement about group traits medium: traits of medium-HDI countries
(a) Uniformly low diversity and high stability.
(b) Primarily former imperial powers.
(c) Many emerged post-WWII or after 1990 transitions; improving via inclusive policies.
(d) Economies dominated by defence industries.
120. Select the most accurate implication of empowerment: power to make choices
(a) Reduced by participation.
(b) Best served by secrecy and centralisation.
(c) Irrelevant for disadvantaged groups.
(d) Expanded through freedoms, capabilities, and good governance.
121. In policy terms, what does comparisons size vs HDI primarily require?
(a) Not directly determinative; smaller or poorer can rank higher.
(b) Always decisive.
(c) Irrelevant to analysis.
(d) Perfectly correlated.
122. In policy terms, what does counts per group primarily require?
(a) 60 very high; 40 high; 50 medium; 30 low.
(b) 69 very high; 49 high; 42 medium; 33 low.
(c) 70 very high; 35 high; 45 medium; 25 low.
(d) 65 very high; 55 high; 35 medium; 25 low.
123. Identify the correct statement about group traits low: patterns in low-HDI group
(a) Surplus social outlays and stability.
(b) Top ranks in freedom indices.
(c) Civil conflict, famine, or disease burden common; urgent policy needs.
(d) Consistent surplus of healthcare workers.
124. Select the most accurate implication of growth vs development: city expansion without better services
(a) Guarantees sustained well-being.
(b) Ensures equitable outcomes.
(c) Counts as sustainability.
(d) Represents growth without genuine development.
125. Select the most accurate implication of HDI income: resource access measure
(a) Purchasing power in U.S. dollars.
(b) Gold per capita.
(c) Export earnings.
(d) Land per capita.
126. In policy terms, what does HPI definition primarily require?
(a) Industrial output gaps.
(b) Shortfalls in survival, knowledge, and basic living conditions.
(c) Export market shares.
(d) Sovereign credit risk.
127. Select the most accurate implication of sustainability: intergenerational continuity of opportunities
(a) Using up all resources now.
(b) Short-termism in policy.
(c) Conserving resources and educating girls for future choices.
(d) Halting human capital investments.
128. Select the most accurate implication of HDR publisher: institution issuing HDR
(a) UNESCO.
(b) World Bank.
(c) IMF.
(d) United Nations Development Programme.
129. A limitation of the HDI highlighted in the text is that it:
(a) Says little about distribution within countries.
(b) Ignores all education data.
(c) Measures only corruption.
(d) Excludes life expectancy.
130. Select the most accurate implication of equity: equal access to opportunities
(a) Only for the most affluent groups.
(b) Irrespective of gender, caste, race, or income.
(c) Dependent solely on merit exams.
(d) Conditional on military service.
131. Choose the best interpretation regarding Bhutan GNH: progress measure
(a) Military readiness index.
(b) Only GDP growth rate.
(c) Gross National Happiness balances material and non-material wellbeing.
(d) Urbanisation ratio.
132. Identify the correct statement about equity: equal access to opportunities
(a) Only for the most affluent groups.
(b) Dependent solely on merit exams.
(c) Conditional on military service.
(d) Irrespective of gender, caste, race, or income.
133. In policy terms, what does productivity primarily require?
(a) Improved via health and education.
(b) Unrelated to capabilities.
(c) Only capital-deepening matters.
(d) Defined by military output.
134. Select the most accurate implication of basic needs: components named by ILO
(a) Transport, airports, ports, highways, pipelines, dams.
(b) Health, education, food, water, sanitation, housing.
(c) Museums, theatres, stadiums, malls, hotels, parks.
(d) Banks, stock exchanges, fintech, crypto, insurance.
135. In policy terms, what does HDI income primarily require?
(a) Gold per capita.
(b) Export earnings.
(c) Purchasing power in U.S. dollars.
(d) Land per capita.
136. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of HDI weights?
(a) One-half health, remainder split.
(b) Education dominates at 70%.
(c) Weights vary yearly per country.
(d) One-third each.
137. Choose the best interpretation regarding empowerment: power to make choices
(a) Expanded through freedoms, capabilities, and good governance.
(b) Reduced by participation.
(c) Best served by secrecy and centralisation.
(d) Irrelevant for disadvantaged groups.
138. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of HDI education?
(a) Years of schooling only.
(b) Adult literacy and gross enrolment.
(c) PISA scores alone.
(d) Textbook counts.
139. In policy terms, what does HDR publisher primarily require?
(a) UNESCO.
(b) World Bank.
(c) United Nations Development Programme.
(d) IMF.
140. Select the most accurate implication of HPI definition: what HPI measures
(a) Industrial output gaps.
(b) Export market shares.
(c) Sovereign credit risk.
(d) Shortfalls in survival, knowledge, and basic living conditions.
141. Select the most accurate implication of meaningful life: what constitutes a meaningful life
(a) Health, capability development, participation, and freedom to pursue goals.
(b) Only higher income and consumption.
(c) Long life without purpose.
(d) Technological change alone.
142. Select the most accurate implication of counts per group: numbers per tier
(a) 60 very high; 40 high; 50 medium; 30 low.
(b) 69 very high; 49 high; 42 medium; 33 low.
(c) 70 very high; 35 high; 45 medium; 25 low.
(d) 65 very high; 55 high; 35 medium; 25 low.
143. Education in HDI is represented by:
(a) Teacher-student ratio only.
(b) University rankings.
(c) Adult literacy rate and gross enrolment ratio.
(d) Number of libraries.
144. Choose the best interpretation regarding Mahbub-ul-Haq: contribution
(a) Founded ILO’s basic needs.
(b) Proposed GDP accounting.
(c) Created purchasing power parity.
(d) Introduced human development, emphasising enlarged choices; led HDI.
145. Which option aligns with the chapter’s framing of group traits low?
(a) Civil conflict, famine, or disease burden common; urgent policy needs.
(b) Surplus social outlays and stability.
(c) Top ranks in freedom indices.
(d) Consistent surplus of healthcare workers.
146. Choose the best interpretation regarding basic needs: components named by ILO
(a) Transport, airports, ports, highways, pipelines, dams.
(b) Health, education, food, water, sanitation, housing.
(c) Museums, theatres, stadiums, malls, hotels, parks.
(d) Banks, stock exchanges, fintech, crypto, insurance.
147. Choose the best interpretation regarding growth vs development: quantitative change can be negative; qualitative improvement is value positive
(a) Development allows value-neutral deterioration.
(b) Growth and development always coincide.
(c) Growth may be negative; development denotes value-positive quality gain.
(d) Quality never matters in development.
148. Identify the correct statement about comparisons size vs HDI: relationship of size/income to HDI
(a) Always decisive.
(b) Irrelevant to analysis.
(c) Perfectly correlated.
(d) Not directly determinative; smaller or poorer can rank higher.
149. Identify the correct statement about Bhutan GNH: progress measure
(a) Gross National Happiness balances material and non-material wellbeing.
(b) Military readiness index.
(c) Only GDP growth rate.
(d) Urbanisation ratio.
150. According to Sen, the main objective of development is:
(a) Maximising territorial size.
(b) Increase in freedom and reduction of unfreedom.
(c) Reaching export targets only.
(d) Accumulating foreign reserves.